了解RMAN备份命令
<p>[TOC]</p>
<h2>表空间备份</h2>
<pre><code>RMAN> backup tablespace tjdata format '/backup/rman/tjdata_%U.bak';
Starting backup at 25-NOV-21
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=49 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/RACDB/DATAFILE/tjdata.261.1089483283
input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/RACDB/DATAFILE/tjdata.262.1089483247
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 25-NOV-21
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 25-NOV-21
piece handle=/backup/rman/tjdata_0c0f3244_1_1.bak tag=TAG20211125T183548 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 25-NOV-21
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 25-NOV-21
piece handle=+ARCH/RACDB/AUTOBACKUP/2021_11_25/s_1089570949.264.1089570949 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 25-NOV-21</code></pre>
<h2>指定数据文件备份</h2>
<pre><code>RMAN> backup datafile 1,3 format '/backup/rman/%d_%s.bak';
Starting backup at 25-NOV-21
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/RACDB/DATAFILE/system.256.1089477103
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/RACDB/DATAFILE/sysaux.257.1089477137
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 25-NOV-21
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 25-NOV-21
piece handle=/backup/rman/RACDB_14.bak tag=TAG20211125T183806 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
Finished backup at 25-NOV-21
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 25-NOV-21
piece handle=+ARCH/RACDB/AUTOBACKUP/2021_11_25/s_1089571094.265.1089571095 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 25-NOV-21</code></pre>
<h2>备份归档日志</h2>
<ul>
<li>查看还没备份的归档日志</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>RMAN> list archivelog all;
List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name RACDB
=====================================================================
Key Thrd Seq S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - ---------
9 1 24 A 25-NOV-21
Name: +ARCH/RACDB/ARCHIVELOG/2021_11_25/thread_1_seq_24.266.1089571159</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>备份所有归档日志，备份完成后删除库里的归档日志文件</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>RMAN> backup archivelog all delete input;
Starting backup at 25-NOV-21
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=24 RECID=9 STAMP=1089571159
input archived log thread=1 sequence=25 RECID=10 STAMP=1089571336
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 25-NOV-21
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 25-NOV-21
piece handle=+ARCH/RACDB/BACKUPSET/2021_11_25/annnf0_tag20211125t184216_0.268.1089571337 tag=TAG20211125T184216 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=+ARCH/RACDB/ARCHIVELOG/2021_11_25/thread_1_seq_24.266.1089571159 RECID=9 STAMP=1089571159
archived log file name=+ARCH/RACDB/ARCHIVELOG/2021_11_25/thread_1_seq_25.267.1089571337 RECID=10 STAMP=1089571336
Finished backup at 25-NOV-21
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 25-NOV-21
piece handle=+ARCH/RACDB/AUTOBACKUP/2021_11_25/s_1089571337.267.1089571339 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 25-NOV-21</code></pre>
<h2>备份控制文件</h2>
<pre><code>RMAN> backup current controlfile;
Starting backup at 25-NOV-21
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 25-NOV-21
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 25-NOV-21
piece handle=+ARCH/RACDB/BACKUPSET/2021_11_25/ncnnf0_tag20211125t184822_0.266.1089571703 tag=TAG20211125T184822 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 25-NOV-21
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 25-NOV-21
piece handle=+ARCH/RACDB/AUTOBACKUP/2021_11_25/s_1089571704.271.1089571705 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 25-NOV-21</code></pre>
<h2>备份参数文件</h2>
<pre><code>RMAN> backup spfile;
Starting backup at 25-NOV-21
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 25-NOV-21
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 25-NOV-21
piece handle=+ARCH/RACDB/BACKUPSET/2021_11_25/nnsnf0_tag20211125t184912_0.272.1089571753 tag=TAG20211125T184912 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 25-NOV-21
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 25-NOV-21
piece handle=+ARCH/RACDB/AUTOBACKUP/2021_11_25/s_1089571754.273.1089571755 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 25-NOV-21</code></pre>
<h2>image copy(相当于系统的cp命令备份副本)</h2>
<ul>
<li>备份指定表空间</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>
RMAN> backup as copy tablespace 'TJDATA' format '/backup/rman/%d_tjdata_%s.bak';
Starting backup at 25-NOV-21
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/RACDB/DATAFILE/tjdata.261.1089483283
output file name=/backup/rman/RACDB_tjdata_27.bak tag=TAG20211125T185745 RECID=3 STAMP=1089572265
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/RACDB/DATAFILE/tjdata.262.1089483247
output file name=/backup/rman/RACDB_tjdata_28.bak tag=TAG20211125T185745 RECID=4 STAMP=1089572266
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 25-NOV-21
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 25-NOV-21
piece handle=+ARCH/RACDB/AUTOBACKUP/2021_11_25/s_1089572267.275.1089572267 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 25-NOV-21</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>列出所有数据文件的副本</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>RMAN> list datafilecopy all;
List of Datafile Copies
=======================
Key File S Completion Time Ckp SCN Ckp Time Sparse
------- ---- - --------------- ---------- --------------- ------
3 2 A 25-NOV-21 2157395 25-NOV-21 NO
Name: /backup/rman/RACDB_tjdata_27.bak
Tag: TAG20211125T185745
4 5 A 25-NOV-21 2157397 25-NOV-21 NO
Name: /backup/rman/RACDB_tjdata_28.bak
Tag: TAG20211125T185745</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>删除数据文件副本</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>RMAN> delete datafilecopy all;
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=49 device type=DISK
List of Datafile Copies
=======================
Key File S Completion Time Ckp SCN Ckp Time Sparse
------- ---- - --------------- ---------- --------------- ------
3 2 A 25-NOV-21 2157395 25-NOV-21 NO
Name: /backup/rman/RACDB_tjdata_27.bak
Tag: TAG20211125T185745
4 5 A 25-NOV-21 2157397 25-NOV-21 NO
Name: /backup/rman/RACDB_tjdata_28.bak
Tag: TAG20211125T185745
Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? yes
deleted datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/backup/rman/RACDB_tjdata_27.bak RECID=3 STAMP=1089572265
deleted datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/backup/rman/RACDB_tjdata_28.bak RECID=4 STAMP=1089572266
Deleted 2 objects</code></pre>
<h2>list命令</h2>
<pre><code>RMAN> list backup;
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;
RMAN> list backup of datafile 2;
RMAN> list backup of controlfile;
RMAN> list backup of archivelog all;
RMAN> list backup of archivelog until time ='sysdate -1';
RMAN> list backupset 56;
RMAN> list copy; ( 包括归档日志 )
RMAN> list datafilecopy all;
RMAN> list copy of tablespace users;
RMAN> list copy of datafile 1;
RMAN> list datafilecopy 67;
RMAN> list copy of controlfile;
RMAN> list expired backup;
RMAN> list archivelog all;</code></pre>